Transthyretin (TTR)

Transthyretin (TTR) is a thyroid hormone-binding protein that transports thyroxine from the bloodstream into the brain. It can easily be detected in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. TTR is highly expressed in choroid plexus epithelial cells, retina pigment epithelium and liver. Tetramer dissociation and partial unfolding leads to the formation of aggregates and amyloid fibrils. Small molecules that occupy at least one of the thyroid hormone binding sites stabilize the tetramer, thereby stabilizing the native state and protecting against misfolding and the formation of amyloid fibrils. Less than 1% of plasma prealbumin molecules are normally involved in thyroxine transport. L-thyroxine binds by an order of magnitude stronger to transthyretin than does the triiodo-L-thyronine. Thyroxine-binding globulin is the major carrier protein for thyroid hormones. About 40% of plasma transthyretin circulates in a tight protein-protein complex with the plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP). The formation of the complex with RBP stabilizes the binding of retinol to RBP and decreases the glomerular filtration and renal catabolism of the relatively small RBP molecule. There is evidence for two binding sites for RBP, one possibly being a region that includes Ile-104, located on the outer surface of the transthyretin molecule.

Swiss-Prot Accession Number: P02766


 
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This analyte is not currently part of Myriad RBM's testing menu.

 
Myriad RBM Publications Publications
Dendritic cell immunotherapy followed by cART interruption during HIV-1 infection induces plasma protein markers of cellular immunity and neutrophil recruitment (2018) van den Ham HJ, Cooper J, Tomasik J, Bahn S, Aerts J, Oseterhaus A, Gruters R, Andeweg A PLoS One
Exploring hepsin functional genetic variation association with disease specific protein expression in bipolar disorder: Applications of a proteomic informed genomic approach (2017) Nassan M, Jia Y, Jenkins G, Colby C, Feeder S, Choi D, Veldic M, McElroy SL, Bond DJ, Weinshilboum R, Biernacka JM, Frye MA J Psychiatr Res
Altered Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins in Smith?Lemli? (2016) Cologna SM, Shieh C, Toth CL, Cougnoux A, Burkert KR, Bianconi SE, Wassif CA, Porter FD American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A
Sj?gren?s Syndrome Patients with Ectopic Germinal Centers Present with a Distinct Salivary Proteome (2016) Delaleu N, Mydel P, Brun JG, Jonsson MV, Alimonti A, Jonsson R Rheumatology
Variation in Serum Biomarkers with Sex and Female Hormonal Status: Implications for Clinical Tests (2016) Ramsey JM, Cooper JD, Penninx BWJH, Bahn S Scientific Reports
Feasibility of investigating differential proteomic expression in depression: implications for biomarker development in mood disorders (2015) Frye MA, Nassan M, Jenkins GD, Kung S, Veldic M, Palmer BA, Feeder SE, Tye SJ, Choi DS and Biernacka HM Translational Psychiatry
Multivariate Protein Signatures of Pre-Clinical Alzheimer's Disease in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Plasma Proteome Dataset (2012) Johnstone D, Milward EA, Berretta R, Moscato P PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34341