Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a central regulator of immune responses, and plays a pivotal role in anti-inflammatory reactions, hematopoiesis, and tumor surveillance. It stimulates the synthesis of IFN-gamma in peripheral leukocytes and also induces the secretion of IL-1, TNF-alpha, and TNF-beta. IL-2 displays significant anti-tumor activity for a variety of tumor cell types since it supports the proliferation and clonal expansion of T-cells that specifically attack certain tumor types. A number of diseases are associated with the aberrant expression of IL-2 or IL-2 receptors, including Hodgkin's disease, Graft-versus-Host reaction, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis, type-1 diabetes, lepromatous leprosy, AIDS, immunodeficiency syndrome, severe burn traumas, and allogenic bone marrow transplantation.
Swiss-Prot Accession Number: P60568
PublicationsWhole-blood cytokine secretion assay as a high-throughput alternative for assessing the cell-mediated immunity profile after two doses of an adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine candidate (2022) De Rosa SC, Cohen KW, Bonaparte M, Fu B, Garg S, Gerard C, Goepfert PA, Huang Y, Larocque D, McElrath MJ, Morris d, Van der Most R, de Bruyn G, Anke Pagnon Clinical & Translational Immunology
Childhood trauma and LPS-stimulated inflammation in adulthood: Results from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (2022) Ricki M.de Koning, Erika Kuzminskaite, Christiaan H.Vinkers, Erik J. Giltay, Brenda W.J.H.Penninx Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Live enteroviruses, but not other viruses, detected in human pancreas at the onset of type 1 diabetes in the DiViD study (2022) Lars Krogvold, Angelo Genoni, Anna Puggioni, Daniela Campani, Sarah J. Richardson, Christine S. Flaxman, Bjørn Edwin, Trond Buanes, Knut Dahl-Jørgensen & Antonio Toniolo Diabetologia
Autologous NK cells propagated and activated ex vivo decrease senescence markers in human PBMCs (2022) Nickolas Chelyapov, Toai T Nguyen, Rafael Gonzalez Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports
First-in-human study of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ALPN-101, a dual CD28/ICOS antagonist, in healthy adult subjects (2021) Yang J, Lickliter JD, Hilson JL, Means GD, Sanderson RJ, Carley K, Tercero A, Manjarrez KL, Wiley JR, Peng SL Clinical and Translational Science
NBAS variants are associated with quantitative and qualitative NK and B cell deficiency (2021) Lenz, D, Pahl J, Hauck F, Alameer S, Balasubramanian M, Baric I, Boy N, Church JA, Crushell E, Dick A, Distelmaier F, Gujar J, Indolfi G, Lurz E, Peters B, Schwerd T, Serranti D, Kolker S, Klein C, Hoffmann GF, Prokisch H, Greil J, Cerwenka A, Giese T Staufner C Journal of Clinical Immunology
Association of occupational exposures with ex vivo functional immune response in workers handling carbon nanotubes and nanofibers (2020) Schubauer-Berigan MK, Dahm MM, Toennis CA, Sammons DL, Eye T, Kodali V, Zeidler-Erdely PC, Erdely A Nanotoxicology
Influence of Genetic Ancestry on Human Serum Proteome (2020) Sjaarda J, Gerstein HC, Kutalik Z, Mohammadi-Shemirani P, Pigeyre M, Hess S, Pare G The American Journal of Human Genetics
Systematic investigation of polyurethane biomaterial surface roughness on human immune responses in vitro (2020) Segan S, Jakobi M, Khokhani P, Klimosch S, Billing F, Schneider M, Martin D, Metzger U, Biesemeier A, Xiong X, Mukherjee A, Steuer H BioMed Research International
Innate Immune Stimulation of Whole Blood Reveals IFN-1 Hyper-Responsiveness in Type 1 Diabetes (2020) Rodrigues KB, Dufort MJ, Llibre A, Speake C, Jubayer Rahman M, Bondet V, Quiel J, Linsley PS, Greenbaum CJ, Duffy D, Tarbell KV Diabetologia
Results of the phase I open label clinical trial SAKK 06/14 assessing safety of intravesical instillation of VPM1002BC, a recombinant mycobacterium bacillus calmette guerin (BCG), in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and previous failure of conventional BCG therapy (2020) Rentsch CA, Bosshard P, Mayor G, Rieken M, Puschel H, Wirth G, Cathomas R, Parzmair GP, Grode L, Eisele B, Sharma H, Gupta M, Gairola S, Shaligram U, Goldenberger D, Spertini F, Audran R, Enoui M, Beradi S, Hayoz S, Wicki A Oncoimmunology
First-in-human, single- and multiple-ascending dose studies in healthy subjects to assess pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety/tolerability of iberdomide, a novel cereblon E3 ligase modulator (2020) Ye Y, Gaudy A, Schafer P, Thomas M, Weiss D, Chen N, Liu L, Xue Y, Carayannopoulos L, Palmisano M Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development
Immune profiling enables stratification of patients with active TB disease or M. tuberculosis infection (2020) Duffy D, Nemes E, Llibre A, Rouilly V, Musvosvi M, Smith N, Filander E, Africa H, Mabwe S, Jaxa L, Charbit B, Mulenga H, the Milieu Interieur Consortium, Tameris M, Walzl G, Malherbe S, Thomas S, Hatherill M, Bilek N, Scriba TJ, Albert ML Clinical Infectious Diseases
Early changes in immune, coagulation, and organ function after clinical and experimental polytrauma (2019) Halbgbauer Repositorium der Universität Ulm
Phase Ib Study of Glasdegib, A Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor, in (2018) Savona M, Pollyea D, Stock W, Oehler V, Schroeder MA, Lancet J, McCloskey J, Kantarigian H, Ma WW, Shaik MN, Laird AD, Zeremski M, O'Connell A, Chan G, Cortes JE Clinical Cancer Research
Evaluation of plasma biomarkers of inflammation in patients with maple syrup urine disease (2018) Scaini G, Tonon T, Moura de Souza CF, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC, Quevedo J, Seda Neto J, Amorim T, Camelo Jr JS, Vitoria Barban Margutti A, Hencke Tresbach R, Sperb-Ludwig F, Boy R, V. de Medeiros PF, Schwards IVD, Luiz Streck E Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease
IL-17 blockade with secukinumab in peripheral spondyloarthritis impacts synovial immunopathology without compromising systemic immune responses (2018) van Mens LJJ, van de Sande MGH, Menegatti S, Chen S, Blijdorp ICP, de Jong HM, Fluri IA, Latuhihin TE, van Kuijk AWR, Rogge L, Yeremenko NG, Baeten DLP Arthritis Rheumatol
Synergistic Cytokine Effects as Apremilast Response Predictors in Patients With Psoriasis (2018) Garcet S, Nograles K, Correa da Rosa J, Schafer PH, Krueger JG Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Cereblon modulator iberdomide induces degradation of the transcription factor Ikaros and Aiolos: immunomodulation in healthy volunteers and relevance to systemic lupus erythematosus (2018) Schafer PH, Ye Y, Wu L, Kosek J, Ringheim G, Yang Z, Liu L, Thomas M, Palmisano M, Chopra R Ann Rheum Dis
Serum Apolipoprotein E and Other Inflammatory Markers Can Identify Non-Responding Patients to a Dendritic Cell Vaccine (2018) Leeman H, Kaminska E, Green D, Bodman-Smith M, Gravett A, Bodman-Smith K, Copier J, Coulton G, Fusi A, Dalgleish AG Translational Oncology
The REAnimation Low Immune Status Markers (REALISM) project: a protocol for broad characterisation and follow-up of injury-induced immunosuppression in intensive care unit (ICU) critically ill patients (2017) Rol ML, Venet F, Rimmele T, Moucadel V, Cortez P, Quemeneur L, Gardiner D, Griffiths A, Pachot A, Textoris J, Monneret G, On behalf of the REALISM study group BMJ Open
Altered Immune Activation and IL-23 Signaling in Response to Candida albicans in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 (2017) Bruserud O, Bratland E, Hellesen A, Delaleu N, Reikvam H, Oftedal BE, and Wolff A Front Immunol.
The role of anxious distress in immune dysregulation in patients with major depressive disorder. (2017) Gaspersz R, Lamers F, Wittenberg G, Beekman ATF, van Hemert AM, Schoevers RA, Penninx BWJH Transl Psychiatry
The impact of antiretroviral therapy on iron homeostasis and inflammation markers in HIV-infected patients with mild anemia. (2017) Quiros-Roldan E, Castelli F, Lanza P, Pezzoli C, Vezzoli M; Inflammation in HIV Study Group, Biasiotto G, Zanella I J Transl Med.
Cytokine Production Capacity in Depression and Anxiety (2016) Vogelzangs N, De Jonge P, Smit JH, Bahn S, Penninx BW Translational Psychiatry
Biological stress systems, adverse life events and the improvement of chronic multi-site musculoskeletal pain across a 6-year follow-up. (2016) Generaal E, Vogelzangs N, Macfarlane GJ, Geenen R, Smit JH, de Geus EJ, Dekker J, Penninx BW. J Pain
Biological stress systems, adverse life events and the onset of chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain: a 6-year cohort study. (2015) Generaal E, Vogelzangs N, Macfarlane GJ, Geenen R, Smit JH, de Geus EJ, Penninx BW, Dekker J. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Apr 22. pii: annrheumdis-2014-206741. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206741. [Epub ahead of print]
Progressive Reduction in Cortical Thickness as Psychosis Develops: A Multisite Longitudinal Neuroimaging Study of Youth at Elevated Clinical Risk (2015) Cannon TD, Chung Y, He G, Sun D, Jacobson A, Van Erp TGM, Mcewen S, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead K, Cornblatt B, Mathalon DH, Mcglashan T, Perkins D, Jeffries C, Seidman LJ, Tsuang M, Walker E, Woods SW, Heinssen R Biological Psychiatry
Immunomodulatory Activities of a Concentrated Fruit and Vegetable Juice Tested in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial in Healthy Volunteers (2014) Schmolz M, März RW, Schaudt M, Schaudt C, Lauster C Food and Nutrition Sciences, Vol. 5 No. 4, 2014, pp. 341-350
Exploring effects of a natural combination medicine on exercise-induced inflammatory immune response: A double-blind RCT (2014) Pilat C, Frech T, Wagner A, Krüger K, Hillebrecht A, Pons-Kühnemann J, Scheibelhut C, Bödeker RH, Mooren FC Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014 Jun 12
Basal inflammation and innate immune response in chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain. (2014) Generaal E, Vogelzangs N, Macfarlane GJ, Geenen R, Smit JH, Dekker J, Penninx BW. Pain. 2014 Aug;155(8):1605-12. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.05.007. Epub 2014 May 9.
Identification of Subgroups of Schizophrenia Patients with Changes in Either Immune or Growth Factor and Hormonal Pathways (2013) Schwarz E, Van Beveren NJM, Ramsey J, Leweke FM, Rothermundt M, Bogerts B, Steiner J, Guest PC, Bahn S Schizophrenia Bulletin
Intraindividual long term stability and response corridors of cytokines in healthy volunteers detected by a standardized whole-blood culture system for bed-side application (2012) Mueller SC, März R, Schmolz M, Drewelow B BMC Med Res Methodol. 2012 Aug 1;12(1):112
Safety and efficacy of everolimus, a mTOR inhibitor, as single agent in a phase 1/2 study in patients with myelofibrosis (2011) Guglielmelli P, Barosi G, Rambaldi A, Marchioli R, Masciulli A, Tozzi L, Biamonte F, Bartalucci N, Gattoni E, Lupo ML, Finazzi G, Pancrazzi A, Antonioli E, Susini MC, Pieri L, Malevolti E, Usala E, Occhini U, Grossi A, Caglio S, Paratore S, Bosi A, Barbui T, Vannucchi AM Blood. 2011 Jul 1. [Epub ahead of print]
Classification of Alcohol Abuse by Plasma Protein Biomarkers. (2010) Freeman WM, Salzberg AC, Gonzales SW, Grant KA, Vrana KE Biol Psychiatry 68: 219-22.