Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) is a member of the angiotensin family which includes peptides that act as vasoconstricting agents. ACE converts angiotensin to its activated form (called angiotensin II). ACE is also involved in the inactivation of bradykinin, a potent vasodilator. These two actions make ACE an ideal target in the treatment of conditions such as high blood pressure, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased formation of Angiotensin II (a far more potent vasoconstrictor than Angiotensin I) and decreased inactivation of bradykinin.

Swiss-Prot Accession Number: P12821


Myriad RBM Publications Publications
ACE and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study. (2020) Pigeyre M, Sjaarda J, Chong M, Hess S, Bosch J, Yusuf S, Gerstein H, Pare G Diabetes Care
Hypothesis: cerebrospinal fluid protein markers suggest a pathway toward symptomatic resilience to AD pathology (2019) Meyer PF, Savard M, Poirier J, Morgan D, Breitner J, for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Alzheimer's & Dementia
Dendritic cell immunotherapy followed by cART interruption during HIV-1 infection induces plasma protein markers of cellular immunity and neutrophil recruitment (2018) van den Ham HJ, Cooper J, Tomasik J, Bahn S, Aerts J, Oseterhaus A, Gruters R, Andeweg A PLoS One
Sj?gren?s Syndrome Patients with Ectopic Germinal Centers Present with a Distinct Salivary Proteome (2016) Delaleu N, Mydel P, Brun JG, Jonsson MV, Alimonti A, Jonsson R Rheumatology
Circulating Biomarkers and Outcome from a Randomised Phase Ii Trial of Sunitinib Vs Everolimus for Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (2016) Voss MH, Chen D, Marker M, Hakimi AA, Lee C-H, Hsieh JJ, Knox JJ, Voi M, Motzer RJ British Journal of Cancer
Towards a Blood-Based Diagnostic Panel for Bipolar Disorder (2016) Haenisch F, Cooper JD, Reif A, Kittel-Schneider S, Steiner J, Leweke FM, Rothermundt M, Van Beveren NJM, Crespo-Facorro B, Niebuhr DW, Cowan DN, Weber NS, Yolken RH, Penninx BWJH, Bahn S Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Variation in Serum Biomarkers with Sex and Female Hormonal Status: Implications for Clinical Tests (2016) Ramsey JM, Cooper JD, Penninx BWJH, Bahn S Scientific Reports
Serum Proteomic Profiles of Depressive Subtypes (2016) Lamers F, Bot M, Jansen R, Chan MK, Cooper JD, Bahn S, Penninx BWJH Translational Psychiatry
Genetic studies of quantitative MCI and AD phenotypes in ADNI: Progress, opportunities, and plans (2015) Saykin A, Shen L, Xiohui Y, Kim S, Kwangsik N, Risacher SL, Ramanan VK, Foroud T, Faber KM, Sarwar N, Minsie L, Xiaolan H, Soares HD, Potkin S, Thompson PM, Kauwe JSK, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Green RC, Toga AW, Weiner MW Alzheimer's & Dementia
Development of a Blood-Based Molecular Biomarker Test for Identification of Schizophrenia before Disease Onset (2015) Chan MK, Krebs MO, Cox D, Guest PC, Yolken RH, Rahmoune H, Rothermundt M, Steiner J, Leweke FM, Van Beveren NJM, Niebuhr DW, Weber NS, Cowan DN, Suarez-Pinilla P, Crespo-Facorro B, Mam-Lam-Fook C, Bourgin J, Wenstrup RJ, Kaldate RR, Cooper JD, Bahn S Translational Psychiatry
Genome-Wide Association Study of CSF Levels of 59 Alzheimer's Disease Candidate Proteins: Significant Associations with Proteins Involved in Amyloid Processing and Inflammation (2014) Kauwe JS, Bailey MH, Ridge PG, Perry R, Wadsworth ME, Hoyt KL, Staley LA, Karch CM, Harari O, Cruchaga C, Ainscough BJ, Bales K, Pickering EH, Bertelsen S; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Fagan AM, Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Goate AM PLoS Genet
Proteomic changes in serum of first onset, antidepressant drug-na?ve major depression patients. (2014) Stelzhammer V, Haenisch F, Chan MK, Cooper JD, Steiner J, Steeb H, Martins-de-Souza D, Rahmoune H, Guest PC, Bahn S. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014 Oct;17(10):1599-608. doi: 10.1017/S1461145714000819. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
Influence of Genetic Variation on Plasma Protein Levels in Older Adults Using a Multi-Analyte Panel (2013) Kim S, Swaminathan S, Inlow M, Risacher SL, Nho K, Shen L, Foroud TM, Petersen RC, Aisen PS, Soares H, Toledo JB, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Weiner MW, McDonald BC, Farlow MR, Ghetti B, Saykin AJ; Alzheimer?s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) PLoS One. 2013 Jul 23;8(7):e70269
CSF protein biomarkers predicting longitudinal reduction of CSF ?-amyloid42 in cognitively healthy elders (2013) Mattsson N, Insel P, Nosheny R, Zetterberg H, Trojanowski JQ, Shaw LM, Tosun D, Weiner M Transl Psychiatry. 2013 Aug 20;3:e293
Identification of a molecular profile associated with immune status in first onset schizophrenia patients (2013) Herberth M, Rahmoune H, Schwarz E, Koethe D, Harris LW, Kranaster L, Witt SH, Spain M, Barnes A, Schmolz M, Leweke MF, Guest PC, Bahn S Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses
Distinct Molecular Phenotypes in Male and Female Schizophrenia Patients (2013) Ramsey JM, Schwarz E, Guest PC, Van Beveren NJM, Leweke FM, Rothermundt M, Bogerts B, Steiner J, Bahn S PLoS ONE
Blood profiling of proteins and steroids during weight maintenance with manipulation of dietary protein level and glycaemic index (2012) Wang P, Holst C, Astrup A, Bouwman FG, van Otterdijk S, Wodzig WK, Andersen MR, van Baak MA, Rasmussen LG, Martinez JA, Jebb SA, Pfeiffer AF, Kafatos A, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Hlavaty P, Saris WH, Mariman EC Br J Nutr. 2012 Jan;107(1):106-19
Blood Profile of Proteins and Steroid Hormones Predicts Weight Change after Weight Loss with Interactions of Dietary Protein Level and Glycemic Index (2011) Wang P, Holst C, Andersen MR, Astrup A, Bouwman FG, van Otterdijk S, Wodzig WKWH, van Baak MA, Larsen TM, Jebb SA, Kafatos A, Pfeiffer AFH, Martinez JA, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Kunesova M, Saris WHM, Mariman ECM PLoS ONE 6: e16773.